Posts Tagged ‘Elder Law Updates’

Asset Transfer Does Not Trigger Penalty

Wednesday, December 15th, 2010 Adam Roa

Normally, for every $6,800 transferred out of a Medical Assistant’s name or their spouse, it will result in a penalty of one month of ineligibility.  However, a frequent question is what happens if my parent transferred funds when they were healthy but during the five year look back period? 

 Maryland case law on this is silent.  However, a New Jersey case highlights, at least in New Jersey, how the court ruled in favor of the applicant with a $100,000 transfer.

“A New Jersey administrative law judge finds that a Medicaid applicant who was healthy at the time he transferred funds to his daughter transferred the funds for a reason other than to qualify for Medicaid. R.C. v. Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services and Hudson County Board of Social Services (N.J. Office of Administrative Law, Hudson County, OAL DKT. NO. HMA 08047-10, Oct. 22, 2010).

 While R.C. was healthy he transferred $100,000 to his daughter to help with her financial problems. A year later, R.C. suffered a stroke and his health began to deteriorate. He was eventually admitted to a nursing home.

 R.C. applied for Medicaid benefits. The state denied benefits, finding that R.C. had made an uncompensated transfer of assets to his daughter. R.C. requested a hearing.

The administrative law judge (ALJ) reverses, finding that the transfer was made exclusively for a purpose other than establishing Medicaid eligibility. The ALJ concludes that because R.C. was employed and in good health when the transfer occurred and the stroke was unexpected, R.C. provided convincing evidence that he did not transfer the money in order to qualify for Medicaid.” From Elderlawanswer.com.

Federal law and the Maryland Medical Assistance Manual allow this exception.  However, in practical terms, there is a huge gray area concerning which facts fit within this exception.  If this exception were to be utilized in a Maryland Medical Assistance application, expect the application to be denied and the issue to be decided on appeal.

New Medicare Premiums, Deductibles, and Co-Pay Charges for 2011

Friday, November 12th, 2010 Adam Roa

The basic premium for Medicare Part B will be $115.40 a month in 2011, up from $110.50 in 2010 (a 4.4 percent increase). But because there will be no cost of living benefit increase for Social Security recipients for 2011, most beneficiaries will be exempted from paying this increase and will instead pay the same $96.40 premium amount they have paid since 2008.

A “hold-harmless” provision in the Medicare law prohibits Part B premiums from rising more than that year’s cost of living increase in Social Security benefits. Since there is no Social Security increase, most beneficiaries — about 73 percent — will not have to pay any increased Part B premiums because of the hold-harmless provision. Those covered by the provision will continue to pay Part B premiums of $96.40 per month in 2011.

But this hold-harmless protection does not apply to the other 27 percent of beneficiaries — about 12 million in all — who either:

  • do not have their Part B premiums withheld from their Social Security checks, or
  • pay a higher Part B premium surcharge based on high income (see below), or
  • Individuals with annual incomes between $85,000 and $107,000 and married couples with annual incomes between $170,000 and $214,000 will pay a monthly premium of $161.50. 
  • Individuals with annual incomes between $107,000 and $160,000 and married couples with annual incomes between $214,000 and $320,000 will pay a monthly premium of $230.70.
  •  Individuals with annual incomes between $160,000 and $214,000 and married couples with annual incomes between $320,000 and $428,000 will pay a monthly premium of $299.90.
  •  Individuals with annual incomes of $214,000 or more and married couples with annual incomes of $428,000 or more will pay a monthly premium of $369.10.
  • Those with incomes between $85,000 and $129,000 will pay a monthly premium of $299.90.
  • Those with incomes greater than $129,000 will pay a monthly premium of $369.10.

The Social Security Administration uses the income reported two years ago to determine a Part B beneficiary’s premiums. So the income reported on a beneficiary’s 2009 tax return is used to determine whether the beneficiary must pay a higher monthly Part B premium in 2011. Income is calculated by taking a beneficiary’s adjusted gross income and adding back in some normally excluded income, such as tax-exempt interest, U.S. savings bond interest used to pay tuition, and certain income from foreign sources. This is called modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). If a beneficiary’s MAGI decreased significantly in the past two years, she may request that information from more recent years be used to calculate the premium.

As directed by the 2003 Medicare law, higher-income beneficiaries will pay higher Part B premiums. Following are those amounts for 2011:

  • Rates differ for beneficiaries who are married but file a separate tax return from their spouse:
  •  Basic Part B premium: $115.40/month
  • Part B deductible: $162 (was $155)
  • Part A deductible: $1,132 (was $1,100)
  • Co-payment for hospital stay days 61-90: $283/day (was $275)
  • Co-payment for hospital stay days 91 and beyond: $566/day (was $550)
  • Skilled nursing facility co-payment, days 21-100: $141.50/day (was $137.50)

 

 All Medicare beneficiaries will be subject to the new deductibles and co-payments. Medicare Part B covers physician services as well as qualifying out-patient hospital care, durable medical equipment, and certain home health services, among other services.

Source: from www.elderlawanswers.com

New Average Nursing Home Costs Released

Friday, November 5th, 2010 Adam Roa

Metlife recently released their study confirming that nursing and assisted living rates increased nationwide between 2009 and 2010.   For Maryland, in the Baltimore region nursing home costs for semi-private rooms ranged from $6,200/month to $8,742/month.   Nursing home costs for private rooms ranged from $6,510/month to $11,005/month.   Statewide, assisted living costs in 2010 ranged from $2,800/month to $$8,250/month with the average assisted living cost at $4,122/month.

Using Income to Offset Nursing Home Expenses

Wednesday, September 1st, 2010 Adam Roa

The Department of Health and Mental Hygiene released the newest Medical Assistance eligibility update which went into effect on August 10, 2010 (MR 154).   The changes in this update are profound.  It now allows a nursing home Medical Assistance recipient to use her income to pay for nursing home related expenses (up to 3 months retroactive) to the extent Medical Assistance does not cover said expenses (i.e. she has resources in excess of $2,500).  This is a profound change by the Department and took many years of litigation by another respected elder law attorney to finally achieve this result.  Bottom line, however, is that this can be a benefit for many families that are faced with outstanding nursing home expenses with no normal Medical Assistance coverage for said expenses.

The issue is this, your mother has outstanding nursing home bills and when the application was made for Medical Assistance, she did not have enough assets to pay these invoices.  Given the size of nursing home costs, the outstanding expenses could well be thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars.  The nursing home is going to look for payment of these invoices and may well start the involuntary discharge process unless they are paid.  This new Medical Assistance provision allows for mom’s income to be used to offset these expenses for the three months prior to eligibility.  Since this is a brand new provision, it is unclear at present at how efficiently such a request will be implemented by the Department of Social Services.  If you find yourself in this position, it is best to contact an elder law attorney to guide you through this process.

Update:  The Department of Health and Mental Hygiene will likley apply the allowance for three months prior to the application date which will overlap the current retroactive Medical Assistance eligibility period.   However, there will be some instances where retroactive Medical Assistance eligilbity may not be available and where this new provision may be of profound help to many individuals.

Maryland Now Allows Transfer to Pooled Trusts

Wednesday, July 21st, 2010 Adam Roa

For the past two years there have been questions as to whether Medicaid transfer-of-assets penalties would apply to transfers to pooled trusts by individuals age 65 and older. A Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) memo dated April 14, 2008, from Gale Arden (Baltimore) to Jay Gavens (Atlanta Region IV) stated that “only trusts established for a disabled individual age 64 or younger are exempt from application of the transfer of assets penalty provisions ( see section 1917(c)(2)(B)(iv) of the Act.)” This was followed in May 2008 by a Boston Regional Office bulletin stating that transfers to pooled trusts are subject to transfer penalties.

Not all states are imposing a penalty; some allow transfers to pooled trusts by people of all ages. The latest such state is Maryland.  CMS stated that after researching this “complicated and nuanced” area of law, it had concluded that “[a]s a matter of policy, there is no age limitation imposed by existing federal or state law on who may transfer assets into a sub-account of a pooled trust. Accordingly, a disabled beneficiary 65 years of age and older may transfer assets into an approved pooled trust sub-account without penalty”.

According to a recent discussion on the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys’ listserv initiated by a Georgia ElderLawAnswers member, Maryland joins at least 10 other states that permit transfers by those over 65 to a pooled trust. These states are, in addition to Maryland: Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Utah and Wisconsin. (from www.elderlawanswers.com)

However, the use of pooled trusts is not a panacea for asset protection from nursing home costs.  There are restrictions on fund usage, maintenance expenses, and other profound issues.  However, for some people, this may be an attractive way to set aside funds to pay for items Medical Assistance will not cover.  This policy clarification by CMS is an important, and positive, development for Maryland seniors.


Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)

Wednesday, May 12th, 2010 Adam Roa

Overview

The new health care law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was enacted on March 23, 2010.  The critical issue is the impact this will have on our elderly population.  At first blush, the impact may indeed be positive. However, upon further review, in many instances, it is uncertain how or if this new law will have a positive impact.   

Long Term Care Insurance Impact

For one, it creates the first publically funded long term care insurance program (called the Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Act.   Whether this will turn into a program with long term care insurance benefits that are better and/or less expensive than what one may find on the open market is entirely unknown. 

Medicaid Payments for Nursing Services at Home

Another important aspect of the new law are the provisions intended to end Medicaid’s bias to provide nursing home level of care only in nursing homes rather than for care at one’s home (Act. Sec. 2406(a) of the Affordable Care Act).  While this appears at first to be promising, what was actually passed was simply a promise for the next congressional session to address this issue.  It is entirely uncertain whether Congress will address this issue and better effectuate the Supreme Court decision in Olmstead v. L.C. (1999) that provided that individuals with disabilities have the right to receive their long term services and support in the community rather than in an institutional setting.  For Maryland purposes, such a waiver program exists (i.e. Medicaid or Medical Assistance Waiver).  However, it is poorly underfunded with a waiting list measured in years with no realistic application for those folks needing nursing home level of services at their home.    

Nursing Home Rating System

A good move with potential impact over the next several years is the directive issued to the Government Accountability Office to conduct a study on the Five-Star Quality Rating System of nursing homes issued by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (Act. Sec. 6107).  This launched in December 2008 gives nursing homes a rating between one and five stars.  A five-star designation means the facility ranks “much above average” compared to other facilities in its state, while a one-star designation means that a facility ranks “much below average” in the state. The concern over the accuracy and reliability of the rating system was so pronounced that attorney generals from over 30 states sent a letter to CMS asking them to suspend the program.  The idea of a five star rating system is ideal for many seniors and their families.  Insuring their accuracy and reliability is only in the best interest of members of our elderly population.  The administration hit a home run with this section.

This is but a sampling of the various impact items.  As greater clarity exists and its precise impact on Maryland seniors is known, it will be posted here.